Tanthauzo & Chiyambi cha Chip
Chip - mawu odziwika bwino azinthu za semiconductor, mabwalo ophatikizika, ofupikitsidwa ngati IC;kapena microcircuits, microchips, wafers / tchipisi, mu zamagetsi ndi njira miniaturizing mabwalo (makamaka semiconductor zipangizo, komanso zigawo kungokhala chete, etc.) ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi chopangidwa pamwamba pa zopyapyala semiconductor.
Kuchokera mu 1949 mpaka 1957, zojambulazo zinapangidwa ndi Werner Jacobi, Jeffrey Dummer, Sidney Darlington, Yasuo Tarui, koma dera lophatikizana lamakono linapangidwa ndi Jack Kilby mu 1958. Anapatsidwa Mphotho ya Nobel ya Physics mu 2000, koma Robert Noyce, yemwe. adapanganso dera lophatikizana lamakono panthawi yomweyi, lomwe linamwalira mu 1990.
Ubwino waukulu wa chip
Pambuyo popanga ndi kupanga ma transistors ambiri, zida zosiyanasiyana zolimba za semiconductor monga ma diode ndi ma transistors zidagwiritsidwa ntchito mochulukirapo, m'malo mwa ntchito ndi gawo la machubu ovumbulutsa m'mabwalo.Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wopanga ma semiconductor kudapangitsa kuti mabwalo ophatikizika atheke.Poyerekeza ndi mabwalo opangidwa ndi manja omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi zamagetsi, mabwalo ophatikizika amatha kuphatikiza ma micro-transistors ambiri kukhala chip yaying'ono, komwe ndikupita patsogolo kwakukulu.Kukula, kudalirika, komanso njira yosinthira madongosolo ozungulira a mabwalo ophatikizika amawonetsetsa kukhazikitsidwa mwachangu kwa mabwalo ophatikizika okhazikika m'malo mopanga ndi ma transistors.
Mabwalo ophatikizika ali ndi maubwino awiri akulu kuposa ma transistors osiyanasiyana: mtengo ndi magwiridwe antchito.Mtengo wotsika ndi chifukwa chakuti chip chimasindikiza zigawo zonse monga gawo, m'malo mopanga transistor imodzi panthawi imodzi.Kuchita kwapamwamba kumakhala chifukwa cha zigawo zomwe zikusintha mofulumira komanso kuwononga mphamvu zochepa chifukwa zigawozo ndi zazing'ono komanso zoyandikana.Mu 2006, malo a chip amachoka pa mamilimita angapo mpaka 350 mm² ndipo amatha kufika ma transistors miliyoni imodzi pa mm².
(Pakhoza kukhala ma transistors 30 biliyoni mkati!)
Momwe chip chimagwirira ntchito
Chip ndi gawo lophatikizika lomwe lili ndi ma transistors ambiri.Tchipisi zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana ophatikizika, kuyambira mazana a mamiliyoni;mpaka makumi kapena mazana a transistors.Ma Transistors ali ndi zigawo ziwiri, kutseka ndi kutseka, zomwe zimayimiridwa ndi 1s ndi 0s.Ma 1 ndi ma 0 angapo opangidwa ndi ma transistors angapo, omwe amayikidwa kuzinthu zenizeni (ie, malangizo ndi data) kuyimira kapena kukonza zilembo, manambala, mitundu, zithunzi, ndi zina. malangizo oyambitsa chip, ndipo pambuyo pake amangolandira malangizo atsopano ndi deta kuti amalize ntchitoyi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-03-2019